Hester Prynn Essays - English-language Films, The Scarlet Letter

Hester Prynn I can remember about six years ago when I realized that my parents were going to be divorced. I never understood why something so horrible was happening to me. I resented my parents for putting me through so much pain. I later realized my parents were ending their marriage because my father had committed adultery. I hated my father and felt sorry for my mother. I never ever looked at my father the same. I see myself as having something in common with the character Pearl in the novel The Scarlet Letter. I was not born a bastard, but we both were forced with the awful word of adultery placed on our names. The Scarlet Letter is a book of much symbolism. One of the most complex and misunderstood symbols in the book is Pearl, the daughter of Hester Prynne. Pearl and Hester have a major conflict that in turns contributes to the meaning of the work. In The Scarlet Letter, Hester, for her sins, received a scarlet letter, A which she had to wear upon her chest. This was the Puritan way of treating her as a criminal, for the crime of adultery. Hester would walk through the streets, she would be looked down upon as if she were some sort of demon from Hell, that committed a terrible crime. This would give her much mental anguish and grief. On the other hand, God's treatment of Hester for her sin was quite different than just a physical token: he gave Hester the punishment of a very unique child which she named Pearl. This punishment handed down from God was a constant mental and physical reminder to Hester of what she had done wrong, and she could not escape it. In this aspect, Pearl symbolized God's way of punishing Hester for adultery. The way Hester's life was ruined for so long was the ultimate price that Hester paid for Pearl. With Pearl, Hester's life was one almost never filled with joy, but instead a constant nagging. Pearl would harass her mother over the scarlet A which she wore. Pearl would also make her own A to wear, and sometimes she played games with her mother's A, trying to hit it with rocks. When Hester would go into the town with Pearl, the other children would make fun of her, and Pearl would yell and throw dirt at them. Although Hester had so much trouble with Pearl, she still felt that Pearl was her treasure. Pearl was really the only thing that Hester had in life, and if Pearl wasn't in Hester's life, Hester would never have been able to go on. Once and a while, Pearl would bring joy to Hester's life, and that helped her to keep on living. Pearl really was the scarlet letter, because if Pearl had never been born, Hester would have never been found guilty of adultery, and thus never would have had to wear that burden upon her chest. Without that burden, Hester would have led a much better life then the one she had throughout the novel. I never had to go through as much anguish as Pearl, mostly because adultery is accepted, the President has even done it. Pearl represented the scarlet letter A, she was a kind of burden, yet love for Hester. Pearl was more then her mother's only treasure; she was her mother's only source of survival. The way that my parents love me with a never ending love, this was too placed on Pearl and Hester. Alison Chaffee English Essays

IPO of Hertz Essays

IPO of Hertz Essays IPO of Hertz Essay IPO of Hertz Essay 1. Why are the private equity patrons prosecuting an IPO of Hertz at this clip – that is. what is the intent of the IPO? The patrons wanted hard currency in order fund another particular dividend. They felt that even though they had merely owned the company for short clip. they were in the perfect place to sell it. There are several grounds why 2006 was an opportune clip for the IPO of Hertz. The market was on the rise with the S A ; P up over 10 % on the twelvemonth. The IPO market itself was improbably strong. surpassing 2005 by November. As the instance states 198 IPOs had monetary value elevations about $ 41 billion. The pricing of IPOS besides seemed solid. Of the 198 trades. the mean first-day return ( non annualized ) was 8. 8 % . After four hebdomads. about 60 % were merchandising above their offer prices . Hertz was besides recognized as one the top auto rental trade names in the universe. it’s stigmatization was dominant throughout North America. which in ben d. gave it premium pricing power. At the clip. Hertz besides had the chance to spread out in both the non-airport and equipment lease markets. which besides has higher borders than general auto leases. 2. What are the differences between conventional IPOs and IPOs that arise from leveraged buyouts? First of all. it appears that private equity-led IPOs ( RLBOs ) are more successful than their non-buyout-backed counter parts. Harmonizing to the instance a survey which examined about 500 private equity-led IPOs from 1980 to 2002. For illustration. relative to $ 1 invested in the S A ; P. investors in RLBOs earned $ 1. 05 on norm over 36 months following the IPO compared to $ 0. 81 in non-buyout-backed IPOs. Patrons besides take it upon themselves to utilize debt in order to publish a particular dividend and pay themselves for their work. This action typically raises concerns whether the patrons are invested in the company over the long term. However. private equity houses claim that one of their advantages is their long-run position. a survey by Moody’s affecting 222 buyouts determined that this was non the instance and that Particular dividends resulted in a recognition down grade about half of the clip. 3. Should the patrons have taken on extra debt and paid themselves a dividend from Hertz? No. the patrons should non hold taken on extra debt and paid themselves a dividend from Hertz. This pre-IPO action implemented by the patrons shed negative visible radiation on themselves and the company as a whole. It portrayed entitlements of greed while aching Hertz good established market repute. it discouraged investors from potentially puting in the company. every bit good as throwing a negative character over the future mentality for Hertz. The dividend payment besides caused a media tumult with more negative outwardnesss being portrayed against the patrons. as they were seen as money hungry investors with no true purpose of spread outing the value of Hertz. They were viewed as merely desiring to have their money and issue the company. Their actions were seen as selfish by the populace and their equals. which was brooding by the demand for Hertz portions diminishing. along with the scope of the IPO value falling from a stronger near $ 18 dollar scope to a significant lessening at around $ 15. The dividend payment provided uncertainty on the patrons in how it was apparently impossible to accomplish value creative activity every bit good as important direction betterments in such a short clip period. overall aching the value of the company. 4. What are the pros and cons of public stockholders should see when puting in sponsor-backed IPOs? This inquiry boils down to the differences between puting in a patron backed IPO and puting in a non-sponsor backed IPO. During the clip of this trade. the Great Recession was approaching its start. so the market took a large hit with that being said. Both patron and non-sponsor backed IPOs underwent monetary value diminutions in their share-price rating during this clip. which should be viewed as a negative when sing puting in patron backed IPOs. To construct on that with something that can be viewed as a positive. is that patron backed IPOs fell at a lesser rate than non-sponsor backed IPOs. decreasing at approximately 9 % and 12 % severally. Another positive of patron backed IPOs is that they tend to bring forth greater station IPO monetary value grasp than that of non-sponsor backed IPOs. All in all. PE patrons. create value from being able to put and run with a longer-term position than public companies. This long term position leads patrons to do tougher determinations in footings of operations and debt. every bit good as being able to. hold directors more accountable for higher degrees of public presentation than public companies. The speedy issue tactic frequently used by PE patrons does nevertheless convey to debate whether these patrons are. in it for the long draw or merely for themselves. 5. At the $ 15 offer monetary value. does the Hertz IPO stand for a good investing chance for Berg? Would you invest in the Hertz IPO? After carry oning our analysis of the value of Hertz. we believe that offer monetary value of $ 15 is still excessively low. We believe the portion monetary value to be about $ 12. 69. Therefore. Hertz would non be a good investing chance for Berg and I personally would non put in the company either. 6. The patrons invested $ 2. 3 billion in equity ( divided every bit among them ) to finance the $ 15 billion buyout of Hertz in December 2005. If the Hertz IPO is completed at the $ 15 offer monetary value and the overallotment option ( Greenshoe ) is exercised. what is your estimation of the gross returns to the patrons will gain on their $ 2. 3 billion investing in Hertz ( i. e. disregarding carried involvement or direction fees on the financess ) ?

The Massive Modularity Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Massive Modularity Theory - Essay Example It seeks to identify which human psychological traits are evolved adaptations which pertain to products of natural or sexual selection. The main concept of evolutionary psychology is that the human mind consists of information-processing mechanisms which have evolved through natural selection. These mechanisms are called adaptations that are functionally specialized to deal with problems in certain circumstances and environments, and therefore it must have specific and richly structured contents.1 This type of psychology has also been proposed as a metatheory not just of psychology but also of the fields in social sciences. Evolutionary psychology has also been said to be a predominant theory that has principles which are functional to all of the disciplines of social science. There have been studies that propose evolutionary psychology as the uniting elements present in different fields. The evolutionary psychology’s metatheory is consisted of chain of command in the level of analysis.2 What programs the human mind? Why do thoughts and ideas differ from one individual to another? Is there a specific portion of the mind allocated for a particular action? The Massive Modularity Theory presents the argument that biological systems are designed and constructed in a way that a person would need to have massively modular organization of the mind. In addition to this, it was also said that the human mind is a biological system and is complex so the human mind must be massively modular in its organization.3 This theory is further studied in this paper. Evolutionary Psychology In the past, the branches of social sciences and biology have different opinions towards the subject of how the mind works. With evolutionary psychology in place, connecting biological and social science ideas and theories is now possible by providing conceptual analyses of specific questions: analyses that move step by step and integrating evolutionary biology with psychology, and psychol ogy with social and cultural phenomena.4 Evolutionary psychology is a method of psychology that studies the inherited architecture of the human mind as a product of the evolutionary process. It is a conceptually integrated approach in which the theories of â€Å"natural selection† are used to produce hypotheses about the design features of the human mind.5 There are 3 levels of explanation in evolutionary psychology. In between levels, extrapolations can be made in between each level. These manipulations are made in order to get the appropriate results for various types of populations. The 3 levels are noted to be 1) adaptive problem, 2) cognitive program, and 3) neurophysiological basis. With these levels being laid down, the primary principle in the evolutionary psychology still remains to be the human brain being the corporal structure. In the modern times, the brain is being compared to the computer where there is a designated chip or program for various functions and one would not over manoeuvre other programs for it to malfunction.6 It has been believed by evolutionary psychologists that there is a certain connection between adaptive problems and evolving structured mechanisms in solving the evolutionary process. During the time of Charles Darwin, people believed that humans are social animals and they learn from experiences and behaviours.

What is my position on drug testing welfare recipients to receive Research Paper

What is my position on drug testing welfare recipients to receive their benefits - Research Paper Example Also this topic affects those who are and are not on welfare. Smith, Phillip.  Welfare. Digital image.  Raising Awareness of the Consequences of Prohibition. N.p., 26 Feb. 2013. Web. 28 Feb. 2013. In my research I have found to be two sides to this argument â€Å"Proponents say testing would help the recipients and protect taxpayers. Opponents argue that the practice is unconstitutional and mean-spirited.† (Vitter 141) Both parties make really convincing arguments and surely drove me crazy trying to choose a side â€Å"The proponents of drug testing welfare argue that it is irresponsible for any government to fund people who they know are using drugs† (Chelsea 2). It is true that there are drug addicts everywhere but let us faces the facts; they buy their drugs with their own money and do not depend on any government to finance their addiction. It is therefore illogical for any person on welfare to be addicted to any sort of drugs since they cannot even fend for the mselves and instead depend on welfare funds. Governments provide unemployed people with some amount of money to enable them take care of themselves as well as their children. However, it is common that most people on welfare do not use this money well and instead use it on drugs and other activities that are not beneficial at all. Statistics from the Temporary Assistance for the Needy says that around 50% of all people on welfare programs are addicted to drugs. â€Å"The results suggested that, contrary to popular opinion, most welfare recipients were not alcohol- or other drugdependent.† (Chelsea 2) it is also shown that out of this population, 75% cannot fend for themselves because of their dependency on drugs. ... This means that it is because of drugs that almost 40% of all people in welfare programs are on this programs. â€Å"It is therefore illogical for governments and other nongovernmental organizations to give out money to these same people to continue with their lifestyle† (Debate club 11). This is the reason why most people propose that before anyone enters a welfare program, they need to be tested to ensure that we are not funding drug addicts to continue with their addiction problems. Most politicians and other stakeholders argue that if this system is put in place, not only will most of the drug addicts stop due to financial constraints, they will have to so that they can get a chance to get into the program. This is therefore a long-term strategy to reduce drug abuse in the US. Debate club, â€Å"a meeting of the sharpest minds on the days most important topics†, 6 Match . 2012. Web. 28 Feb. 2013 When this matter got to the senate, it was an arguable issue and most p roponents argued that aid has to be provided based on reciprocal obligation. Reaction to the result from tested prisoners which showed that â€Å"Welfare-receiving arrestees were more likely to test positive for benzodiazepines (16 percent vs. 7 percent,/? < 0.01) and opiates (13 percent vs. 6 percent, p < 0.05)† (Yacoubian, 143)This was aThis means that whenever aid is given, there has to be some obligation by the person receiving this kind of help. â€Å"In West Virginia, delegate CraigBlair wants all welfare recipients to undergo drug testing as a condition of receiving welfare, unemployment compensation,† (Alcoholism & Drug Abuse Weekly 1)This has to apply

Grocery, Inc Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Grocery, Inc - Case Study Example Thus Masterpiece argued that it had done so in the best interests of both the parties involved. John W. Ralls in "Subcontractor May Pursue Claim for Breach of the Implied Covenant of Good Faith and Fair Dealing in Contract but May Not Pursue a Cardinal Change Theory." June 11, 2001 explains a similar case in Wyoming. Grocery argued that it was not mentioned that the contract would not be handed over to a sub-contractor without the consent of both the parties because the agreement was signed by a trainee, who was not even a major and had no idea or experience about the subject. Thus, the validity of the agreement itself was in question. Also, the quality of construction of the building was very poor, thus putting Grocery's reputation at stake. Grocery is a renowned brand all over the US and is known for its stores and products. The major argument, however was that Masterpiece failed to inform Grocery about the subcontracting of the work to Build To Fall, which was a breach of trust. The Hon'ble court gave the judgment that Masterpiece had indeed resorted to a breach of trust and ordered Masterpiece to redo the whole job, without any extra compensation and within a time-period of four months; or else pay a damage claim of $ xyz. "The parties agree that this is a case of first impression in Missouri as Missouri courts have not specifically addressed whether a creditor is obligated to apply proceeds from a foreclosure sale to all loans in default secured by the same collateral pursuant to a master or umbrella loan agreement. Both parties claim the resolution of the matter is governed by section 400.9-601(a), which provides in pertinent part, (a) After default, a secured party has the rights provided in this part and, except as otherwise provided in section 400.9-602, those provided by agreements of the parties. A secured party: (1) May reduce a claim to judgment, foreclose, or otherwise enforce the claim, security interest, or agricultural lien by any available judicial procedure; and section 400.9-615(a), which provides in pertinent part, (a) A secured party shall apply or pay over for application the cash

The Trend Of The Wellness Industry

The Trend Of The Wellness Industry Introduction There has been a considerable rise in the trend of the Wellness Industry mainly in Asia-Pacific. As Destination Spas are developing in the industry, it seems it is still rather vague as to what the future holds for this particular sector. The rising awareness of people towards personal health and growth is creating a demand for a service role that is currently evolving to cater to the demands of this progressing market trend. This study will investigate possible outcomes for destinations spas, Mandala Spa, in the designated geographical area. Background The globalization of wellness products such as Spas are increasing and evolving, whereas the philosophies and traditions of the eastern culture are penetrating the western context and vise versa. These spas are growing by incorporating physical, emotional and spiritual activities coupled with the pop psychology that mixes more esoteric practices to raise the level of mental wellness. (Smith and Puczko, 2008) Wellness is defined as The multidimensional state of being well, where inner and outer worlds are in harmony: a heightened state of consciousness enabling you to be fully present in the moment and respond authentically to any situation from the deep inner well of your being. Wellness is an ever-evolving journey to a heightened awakening of the consciousness and working towards a fitter state in regards to the physical, mental and emotional sense of wellbeing, thus helping an individual to further experience life to its fullest with the greatest longevity. (Bodecker and Cohen, 2008) Figure 1: The Expanded Wellness Model Source: Mueller and Kaufmann 2001 p.6 Overview of the Wellness Industry A considerable amount of visitors going to modern day health and wellness centers are mostly not aware of the historical and cultural backgrounds of the treatments they experience. It would be not so far fetched to say that these visitors have not realized that the Ayurvedic practices from India date back as far as 5000 BC, or that the current make-up brands that women are using these days hold similar cosmetic traits to those used my the Egyptian women in 3000 BC. The earliest recorded documentation of Chinese medicinal methods date back to 1000 BC, however in Western societies Chinese medical methods are regarded as exotic and somewhat new in their perception. According to a study made by the Spa Research Fellowship, the earliest reference to so called magical healing waters is 1700 BC and as the classic physician and philosopher of the Hellenistic age, Hippocrates, once said that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦water is still, after all, the best. (Health Wellness Tourism) There is an increasing awareness of the healing properties of water, whether it be thermal, sea or mineral water. Civilizations such as the Greeks and Romans understood the various health related aspects of water treatments and thus were quite focused on fitness and cleanliness through such practices. On the other hand, other ancient civilizations from The Middle East and Asia and other indigenous people around the world were already aware of the health benefits of other practices like herbal medicines, yoga, massage, meditation and other related spiritual practices, for centuries before the cultivation of health related practices in Europe. Although by Western standards, the quality of life in many parts of the world are seemingly low or of poor quality in comparison to Western societies, India and Africa can be cited as two better examples. These people living in such poor standards have developed their own ways of maintaining their wellbeing, although such conditions of deprivatio n favor the triumph of illness over wellness. These practices of preserving health and wellbeing are continuing to become more and more popular among day spa operators and subsequently the visitors of these days spas are growing interests keen enough to want them to visit the origins or homes of these practices such as Yoga and Thai massage. (Health Wellness Tourism) The term Spa, is an adapted acronym for Solus Per Aqua, it can be translated as health through water. (Leavy and Bergel, 2002) According to Associate Professor Rujirutana Madhachitara, PhD of Penn State University in her paper, Opening Up a Services Market The Thai Spa Industry, From what we learn in the classroom and witness in real business life, market usually do not grow as explosively as health spas have done in Thailand. Hotels and resorts along with entrepreneurs have recognized the potential of spa development in Asia, it is even arguable to an extent that recent trend of spas has impacted the face of the Hospitality in the region. Intelligent Spas came up with the Spa Benchmark program across the major Asia Pacific markets and summarized the findings in the table below (Garrow, 2007) Table 1: Asia Pacific Spa Industry overview Malaysia Since the year 2002, Malaysias spa growth has increased by 200% and continues to foretell increased growth. Indonesia Is home to the larger spas in regards to indoor space and more than half of them are destination spas, within the region it is also second most affordable next to the Philippines. Philippines Is the smallest in terms of market size but regardless it also possesses on average, the most numerous amount of treatment rooms, studies show that there is also strong potential for growth in this sector over the coming years. Singapore relatively, the country has a mature market but is still predicted to grow at 11% annually over the upcoming years. There is a considerable amount of day spas of which half are said to be salon type oriented spas. Taiwan Over 81% of Taiwans 300 spa facilities were day spas, a large group of their spas use group brand names, whilst spa franchises are very common. Growth rate is said to be slow in the coming years. Table 2: Asia-Pacific Global Spa study The Asia-Pacific spa industry is the quickest growing region on a global basis, however it is yet relatively young. A larger proportion of spas are preset in emerging markets while resort/hotels spas are currently leading development. Typically, destinations spas are regarded as spa resorts. Growing but yet underdeveloped health resorts in a sense. In comparison to Europe, spa revenues in the Asia-Pacific are 35% lower and 19% lower on a global average, however hotel spas are only 3.75% to 5.8% lower respectively. Whilst in terms of staffing, hotel spas are at an average of 27 employees per establishment and 17 per spa. Intelligent Spas Global Benchmark Report, May 2009, states that the treatment room occupancy in the Asia-Pacific is 37% higher in comparison to other regions, 45% of total revenue accounts for payroll, and with an average treatment rate of US$77 it is the lowest economically among all regions. (Samantha Foster) The term Destination Spa holds a particular standard of luxury for spa-goers, as they were places where the rich and famous would go to slim down. These days destination spas offer more than just a luxurious way to get slim fast, they offer a variety of products that cater to the overall wellness of their customers. Such services offered are healthier diet alternatives, lifestyle lectures, yoga seminars and more traditional methods of energy attunement to find your own sense of inner and outer balance. (Leavy and Bergel 2002) Mandala Spa brands itself as a destination spa incorporating all the fore mentioned services and more, in 2005 they won the prestigious Asia Spa Award for best destination spa of the year and spa treatment of the year. Since then they have continued to win awards in 2006, 2007, and 2009. Since its inauguration in 2001, Mandala Spa has touched the lives of many people and has grown from a four-villa Day Spa to a full fledged Wellness Resort and Destination Spa. ( http://www.mandalaspa.com) Aims The author will conduct an in-depth research on what the future holds for Destination Spas in Asia Pacific, focusing on a developing boutique Destination Spa brand, Mandala Spa as a prime reference. Objectives To review literature about the Wellness Industry with emphasis on Destination Spas. To investigate the trends and variables influencing the development of the Wellness Industry with focus on the Destination Spa sector. To understand the strategies that Mandala Spa is using for its success and how they will use these for future development or expansion; and To recommend any findings to Mandala Spa and the Asia Pacific Spa and Wellness Coalition for the overall benefit of the industry and for future research; CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW The Concept of Wellness Tourism According to (Verschuren, 2004) Wellness tourism is very different from health tourism as wellness tourism is considered a unique product within the health tourism segment thus it is not a category in itself but a sub category of health tourism. Figure 1 According to (Kaspar 1996), health tourism is the sum of all the relationships and phenomena resulting from a change of location and residence by people in order to promote, stabilize and, as appropriate, restore physical, mental and social well-being while using health services and for whom the place where they are staying is neither their principle nor permanent place of residence or work. By definition of (Mueller and Kaufmann 2000), following (Kaspar1996), wellness tourism can be the sum of all the relationships and the phenomena resulting from a change of location and residence by people whose main motive is to preserve or promote their health. They stay in hotels that are specialized in providing the individual care with the appropriate personal know-how. To further the statement these guests require and expect certain service packages that are comprehensive in nature, such packages may include physical fitness, meditations, dietary advise, beauty care and education. According to The International Spa Association (ISPA) spas are defined as entities devoted to enhancing overall well-being through a variety of professional services that encourage the renewal of mind, body and spirit (ISPA, 2006) A comprehensive categorization of spas has been produced by the International Spa Association is listed below: Club Spa Day Spa Spa Hotel Holistic Spa Medical Spa Bath Resort Spa Sport Spa Structured Spa Definition of a Destination Spa There is no universally accepted definition of destination spas, rather the following academics present these definitions: Destination spas predecessors were referred to as fat farms due to their somewhat rigorous detoxification and weight loss programmes. These fat farms were perceived as the to-be places for communities high societies, yet most of these establishments were not deemed a pleasant holiday experience as most of them were ran similar to boot camps in a sense, where their guests would undertake restricted diets or fasting seminars where the promised results of weight loss would be achieved, however in no manner pleasant. Few of these fat farms would feature beauty treatments, relaxation or meditation programmes and even less provided in education in terms of how to maintain their lost weight, thus guests would eventually gain the weight back. The destination spa of today offer more than just weight loss programmes but are now geared towards more meaningful exercise programmes, education on lifestyle, wellness seminars, consultancy on diet and cleansing, and some offer medical tests or evalua tions. (The Spa Encyclopedia) Destination spas are built with the primary purpose of providing spa/wellness activities for guests as compared to resort/hotel spas whos primary purpose is to sell their rooms while the spa is an augmenting facility, the purpose of destination spas are the exact opposite of this. (Gibson 2008) Destination Spas are a place where visitors go for short retreats/wellness programmes that are somewhat life changing or produce a high impact on the guests lifestyle. (Spa bodywork: a guide for massage therapists) Asia Pacific Wellness Traditions The wellness traditions of Asia follow a more holistic approach to health and wellbeing, treating the mind, body and spirit as one. Their way of healing is by finding the essence of the problem and supporting the body in healing itself therefore boosting the bodys natural immunity against illness and disease. Therefore the approach through natural healing, in Asia, is rooted in spirituality and tradition rather than on a basis of natural assets. In Japan the traditional bathing establishments of onsens, which are Japanese hot springs, are commonly visited by locals in seek of meditation or relaxation and has grown in popularity among the tourists. Reiki and Shiatsu are two of the most prevalent wellness therapies from the Japanese culture and are currently very common treatments provided by western spas. The legacy of Indias historic culture has existed before that of Ancient Egypt as even scholars regard Ayurveda (the science of life) as one of the oldest healing systems in the world. It is still commonly the first form of traditional healing in Nepal, India and Sri Lanka. The traditional forms of Chinese medicine were focused on an individuals overall state through a variety of therapies, such as Chi (the overall flow of life force or energy of a person), Shen (the persons mind that is responsible for their mental abilities and consciousness), and Jing (The governing essence of a persons vitality). Traditional Chinese medicine, similar to Indian Ayurveda, leans towards the aspects of preventive and holistic approaches towards health in regards to physical movement, spirituality, diet and emotional wellbeing. A myriad of therapies are offered, some of the most popular to mention are Tai Chi, Qi Gong, herbal medicines, and acupuncture which focus on the flow of energy throughout the body. Thailand is currently said to be the leading country in spa development within Asia, featuring a wide array of services, products, aesthetics and centres. The basic principles of Wat Pho traditional Thai massage and the Lana traditions of Northern Thailand are what constitute the concepts of Thai spas. The Temple of the Reclining Buddha, Wat Pho, located in the capital city of Bangkok by the Grand Palace, is where traditional Thai massage was born. During the era before the temple was built, the area was a site for the practice of traditional Thai medicine that has its relational origins from Ayurveda. Malaysia has a set of unique spa programmes and ambiences through the incorporation of village or kampung traditions along with the wellness traditions practiced in the royal courts. Pressure point and long stroke massage techniques which are the basis of Urut, the traditional Malay massage, which is the main feature of the services offered along with traditional post-natal care in womens health programmes. The foundation of these therapies are based on causative theory building on the organizing principles of cold and hot, damp and dry and of the natural elements air, fire, water and earth, derived from links to Ayurveda. Indonesias mainstay of promoting wellness and beauty comes from Jamu herbalism, traditionally it lies in the center of managing the populations healthcare. The spiritual approaches to wellness, along with traditional massage techniques and fresh herbal ingredients, are highly incorporated in Balinese and Indonesian spas. Vietnam, regarded now as the new Thailand amongst south east Asian investment circles due to its promising economy and influx of new beach, golf and health resort developments. The main medicinal tradition of the country is referred to as Thuoc Nam of which is based more on traditional folk knowledge. A Buddhist monk and scholar, Tue Tinh, developed Thuoc Nam into a national system. He consolidated all the local medicinal knowledge from Vietnam and established clinics within monasteries along with herbal gardens coupled with educating the public on the herbal home medicine. (Dung and Bodeker 2001) The Philippines, being an archipelago, has its traditional medicinal techniques deeply rooted in the multitude of ethnics groups found on its thousand of islands. Its traditional massage practice is known as Hilot and is just as diverse in techniques, practices and tradition as it varies from region to region within the country. It is however being standardized, and thus growing ever more popular among the spa programmes in the Philippines. (Marana and Tan 2006) Key Theories on Spas Compare and contrast an approximate of 3 key theories here, identify who your subject matter experts are through seeing who are the names who are always cited in the various journals and books you have on Spa. Support with some models, I think you have one model in your Chapter II already! Figure 1. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs and Schà ¼tte and Ciarlantes Asian Equivalent Model. Adapted from (Athena H. N. Mak, Kevin K. F. Wong and Richard C. Y. Chang) Maslows hierarchy of needs and the Asian equivalent model Tourist motivation embraces psychological as well as physiological facets because travel is expected to satisfy different levels of needs such as psychological (e.g. intrinsic, personal and interpersonal rewards) and physiological needs (e.g. food, shelter, safety, health and fitness) (Witt and Wright, 1992). Maslows (1970) hierarchy of needs is one of the most popular theories of motivation used by researchers to study tourist motivation (Iso- Ahola, 1980). Maslow proposes that human needs as motivators form a five-level hierarchy comprising of physiological, safety, love/ belonging, esteem and self-actualisation needs. He further states that the lower-level needs should be satisfied first before an individual could move up to higher-level ones in the hierarchy. Mill and Morrison (1985) cite that motivation is a phenomenon that takes place when an individual seeks to satisfy a need, and suggest a correlation between Maslows hierarchy of needs and tourist motivation. Maslows model is based on Western culture, so Schà ¼tte and Ciarlante (1998) have questioned whether self-actualisation (a personally directed need) is existent among Asian consumers. They contend that Asian countries predominately have a collectivist culture (Hofstede, 1980), so the idea that a personally directed need is at the highest level of needs would neither be readily accepted nor regarded positively in the Asian culture. Instead, socially directed needs seem to be more apposite in such cultural context. Schà ¼tte and Ciarlante thus put forth an Asian equivalent model, one that eliminates the personally directed self- actualisation need and emphasizes the intricacies and importance of socially directed needs, namely, affiliation, admiration and status. Based on the research conducted by (Athena H. N. Mak, Kevin K. F. Wong and Richard C. Y. Chang) Their study identified the motivating factors for Hong Kong spa-goers seeking spa experience when they travel. Their perceptions of spa, as well as their socio-demographic characteristics, were analysed. In addition, an instrument to measure motivation in the spa tourism domain was developed. Factor analysis results show that relaxation and relief, escape, self-reward and indulgence, and health and beauty are important underlying motivating factors for spa-goers, as shown in the study. The result contrasts interestingly with general European spa-goers perception that spa experience is largely for curative or therapeutic purposes (Miller, 1996; Douglas, 2001), and American spa-goers perception that spa experience is a means of self-reward (Kaspar, 1990; ISPA, 2006). For the Hong Kong context, it is actually an integration of self-reward and health, together with relaxation and escape motiva tions. This distinctive combination of motivating factors reflects the unique underlying needs of Hong Kong spa-goers. The demand for spa is anticipated to grow continuously (ISPA, 2006), and the opportunities associated with spa are many and varied. However, despite the bright outlook for the Asian spa market, it is imperative for the spa industry to maximise the potential for this niche market segment outlook for the Asian spa market, it is imperative for the spa industry to maximise the potential for this niche market segment. Current Situation of Mandala Spa Here you do a write up discussing the current situation of Mandala Spa as a destination spa in the Asia Pacific region. What is the key to Mandalas Success? You have to understand, that when you analyze wellnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and a commitment to wellness and the wellbeing of other people, you realize very quickly that taking care of other people or being a good care taker for people, a very essential Christian quality, this is not something you do as a job like flipping hamburgersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ it is something that has to be developed inside of a person as part of their personality, inside of their heart, so Karen Reina and I realized very quickly that if you want to be sincere in the wellness industry by taking care of other people one way or the other. It could be in the spa industry, the hotel industry or that might simply be in the nursing or physical therapy industry, the most important quality is the love and compassion and ability to have positive relationships with the guests. We decided that this is one of the most essential qualities a place can have, this is what we have to focus our service on, the rest is really technical training, skill training, attitude refinement, the way your presenting yourself with etiquette training, but what makes us very different from all other aspects of the hospitality industry is that when your working really close with people, when your touching them literary with your hands and fingers, when your all over their skinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ YOU CANT FAKE IT! If your not real, people will realize it the latest at that point, when somebodys hands are all over them, thats when they realize if that service is real or fake, they are just pretending to give me a loving and caring service and just see it as a job. This is what really is the very essence of mandala spa, and this is what makes us different from many other places to start out withà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ our outlook was not based on a well organized spread sheet full of figures, our first challenge was and still is always, how can you install a culture and a commitment to the essence of hospitality in our staff, a corporate cultu re as it is calledà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ this is the same challenge others in the same field are experiencing now in hospitality, where they say that cutting edge is where the guest is loved or feels loved, what better hospitality can you give other than true love and true care? No matter on which level, and this is what our people and guests come back for. So when people ask what was their best holiday experience, it is often the very small relationships they had with their host, it is all about love, care and respect, the rest is really just dressing up. You very quickly realize that when you think that way, well its different that hamburger flipping in a way that you have to teach that way of thinking, you have to communicate that, you have to install that as a part of corporate culture.. that we want to do things with care, that we want to do things to maintain or better the environment, that we are caring for our employees as people and not just by looking at the annual growth rate of the company, caring by making an effort to communicate with them, by trying to provide personal growth opportunities for them, no matter if its through Yoga or personal talks or through participation in our social responsibility programs like planting trees, improving the environment, and they are proud of that, they should feel proud of being gentle, of being caring, of being compassionate. These are al the values we are trying to install within our corporate culture, not just the training to start out with and technical perfection, quality of touch, I am doing that myself. But what really brings everything through and what brings everything together is really when your heart is open and your heart is in it, and this is a big part of Mandalas secret, were trying really to maintain that corporate culture that is true to itself, that walks the talk. Wellness and wellbeing is not a five to nine job for Mandala Spa, it is a way of lie for Mandala Spa. Conclusively, a lot of people wor king with us or working with me are not there just for the job or the rewards or the growth opportunities on a proffesional career level, they are simply there because they love the way of life that they can live during eight hours of their prime time. CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY Research Paradigm and Design The Research Paradigm used in this dissertation is that of intepretivism in which is a comprehension of the differences between humans as social actors. The social actors in this case refer to interview respondents. Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2007) presented an argument that the business world is too intricate to be at the disposition of theories and definite `laws` in which rich insights may be lost in the process. In line with this paradigm, the author maintains an empathetic stance and attempting to understand the social world from the point of view from the research subjects. As each situation is unique and stands alone, all these are a function of a specified set of individuals and circumstances brought together at a particular time. The epistemology of this paradigm is on subjective meanings and social phenomena with a focus into an in depth study on the details of destination spas in the Asia Pacific, the background reality and motivating actions. It will have a subjective axiology due to the research being value bound and the author being inseparable from the research. An inductive approach is used here in which the author theorizes that the wellness industry is a sub category of the health industry health tourism and from recent trends it is predicted that the health industry is beginning to adapt aspects of the wellness industry as a more informed clientele demand for an integration of wellness and nutrition into healthcare. This proposed theory is to be backed up with collected interview data for testing of validity. Qualitative Study Data Collection Development Open ended questions are structured or at least semi structured. It is important that the author guides the interview and steer it back on topic should digression occur. Nonetheless, for the purpose of the B.A (Hons) dissertation, structured interviews should be used. If you use interviews but did not manage to meet the person face to face, attach a copy of email correspondence in appendix. Or save MSN conversations into rich text format. Sampling Data Collection Data Analysis Ethics CHAPTER 4: ANALYSIS AND RESULTS Introduction Profile of Participants How many of them Number of contacts (overall sampling frame) How many returns? (% of responses) DO NOTE THAT FOR ONLINE SURVEYS, THE ACTUAL QUANTITY IS NOT EASILY DERIVED AND IS MAINLY AN ESTIMATE. Give evidence of screening (How many were null? Even if person answers all strongly agree, it is null!) Proper steps supersede absolute numbers. Report the final, n = 19 (%) Who are the participants? (Use your background questions to assist you.) For qualitative interviews, youve been in contact with the person. Describe their qualification to prove that they are the appropriate person to individual on the subject. Background of Participants Analysis of qualitative data Reiterate that an inductive approach was used and that it is an exploratory paper You have a choice here of analyzing your data using a condensation, grouping or ordering process.

The Irony in the Title Nothings Changed Essay -- Nothings Changed Po

The Irony in the Title Nothing's Changed In my opinion nothings changed is a tragic and revengeful poem, which reveals the veracity of the way nothing has changed even after apartheid. The poem is set in District six, Cape Town, South Africa and was written by Tatamkhulu Afrika. A man who once witnessed the solace and recreation of district six. There is an ample of irony in the title nothings changed. District six has changed physically but in no other way. For starters in stanza one the man is walking through district six which has been evicted of the ethnic cultures and instead been inhabited by whites. Through this stanza we discovered that district six is kept a shambles â€Å"into trouser cuffs, cans, trodden on.† This means that no one really cares about it anymore. Another factor mentioned are the purple weeds. The color purple is often referred to as dried blood (hence there must have been a massacre). The scattered rubbish and the purple weeds (in this case symbolizing death) are all ironic because during apartheid people were being killed/ beaten and ..

The Effects of Short Term and Long Term Stress on Physiological Processes

The Effects of Short Term and Long Term Stress on Physiological processes Stress can have many definitions, the NHS describes it as: stress is the feeling of being under too much mental or emotional pressure (2012) and some may describe it as when our demands outweigh our response. A stressor is anything that is likely to ‘set off’ your stress levels, when a person is feeling overwhelmed or they cannot cope with an event or situation (whether it be physical or psychological). During the 1920’s Walter Cannon began to recognise chain of rapidly occurring reactions in one’s body in response to acute stress.He described this reaction as the fight or flight response which will prepare the body to either fight or flee from a threatening situation (real or imaginary). Cannon discovered that during this response a series of physiological reactions will take place such as heart and respiratory rate will increase to allow for more oxygen to be pumped around the body to prepare the muscles for action. Blood pressure will increase as the blood vessels will constrict to enable to blood to move faster and more smoothly around the body.Pupils will dilate as they allow more light into the eye therefore allowing a boarder view of the situation. Our sympathetic nervous response to stress is our immediate response, this is an uncontrollable reflex to a stressful situation. Our hypothalamus send signals through our nerve cells to our pituitary gland to our adrenal glands, specifically our adrenal medulla. Here, the hormone adrenaline is pumped into the bloodstream causing the many physiological changes in our body. Also, noradrenaline will be release causing the non-essential systems to either shut down or slow down e.g. digestive system and immune system. As the adrenaline is coursing through our body it triggers the release of sugar from our temporary stores supplying energy around the body. Originally founded by Seyle in 1956, general adaptation syndr ome refers to the three stage reaction to stress and our adaptation to dealing and living with it. Stage one is the sympathetic nervous response: an immediate alarm reaction to a stress and our fight/slight response. Stage two is the stage of resistance (adaptation) where a prolong exposure to stress has occurredcausing our body to become adjusted to the stressor and the increased amount of hormones in our body (adrenaline/adrenocorticotropic). As a way of conserving energy and for optimum nutrient absorption a person may feel reduced desire for physical activity. The final stage is the exhaustion stage, as there has been an increased amount of corticosteroids in the body, the immune system will have become much weaker making a person much more susceptible to chronic illness/heart attacks/severe infection as our bodies are much less capable of an immune response.If a person has GAS then there body will be in the process of the parasympathetic nervous response, it differs to the symp athetic response as hypothalamus signals to the pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropic hormone. This hormone will trigger corticosteroids into the blood from the adrenal cortex which suppresses the immune system and converts glycogen in muscles and the liver into sugar. In 1997, Marmot conducted a study into low job control and the risk of coronary heart disease. It was determined that low job control did increase the risk of heart disease.

How To Write An Analytical Essay - Paperell.com

How To Write An Analytical Essay How to Write an Analytical Essay? All people encounter the need to write papers. You have to write various papers at school, college, university, at various exams, during the application process at job or university, and during many other stages of your life. However, academic writing appears to be the biggest struggle for the majority of people.Students often face troubles with various papers. One of the biggest challenges that students face on their academic path is an essay, which is a task that students get almost on the daily basis. And one of the most challenging types of this task is an analytical essay, which goes far beyond writing a simple descriptive or argumentative paper. What is its purpose and how to cope with it? If you have no clue how to create a top-notch analytical paper, this is the right article for you because here, we are going to tell you about everything you have to know about this type of work.What Is An Analytical Essay?Unlike other types of essays, an analytical paper requires you not jus t to provide an insight into a specific topic, operating with bare facts, this work requires you to study the topic and evaluate it, which makes it harder than other types. Thus, in such text, you have to explain not only what, when and where happened but also answer why and how certain things occurred. Continue reading to learn more about it!Analytical Essay OutlineAn outline is your guide to writing a good paper, which is why you should not neglect it. It helps to adhere to the appropriate analytical essay structure and it also does not let you get distracted or lose some important points of your work. Thus, you have to create an outline!How to write a good outline? There are a few key nuances to keep in mind for this – note down all main arguments and ideas, write it with the required structure and the needed analytical essay format in mind, and make it as detailed as possible. These three points are the keys to a perfect outline. However, it is also a good idea to find an example.Here is how your paper’s outline can look like:Attention-grabbing titleIntroductionHookBasic information on the subject that should make it clear for your readersThesis statementBody: 1stparagraphTopic sentence that explains the main idea of the paragraph and relates it to your thesisExplanation of the main positionAlternative positionsEvidence that proves the correctness of the main positionClosing sentence that concludes the paragraph and makes a transition to the next oneBody: 2ndparagraphTopic sentence that explains the main idea of the paragraph and relates it to your thesisExplanation of the main positionAlternative positionsEvidence that proves the correctness of the main positionClosing sentence that concludes the paragraph and makes a transition to the next oneBody: 3rdparagraphTopic sentence that explains the main idea of the paragraph and relates it to your thesisExplanation of the main positionAlternative positionsEvidence that proves the correctness of t he main positionClosing sentence that concludes the paragraph and makes a transition to the next oneConclusionSummary of the main arguments provided in the textExtension of the argumentExplanation of the work’s or issue’s significance (if needed)This is a good example of a detailed outline. Stick to this example to develop your own outline. However, note that you may have different number of body paragraphs if it’s required by your teacher.How To Start An Analytical Essay?You have to start with a few preparatory steps. Every assignment requires some planning and brainstorming, so here are a few steps to make before you can just straight to writing your text:Define the topicDefining a topic is a halfway to a successful performance of the task, which is why you have to approach it with seriousness. Where to look for good analytical essay topics? You can look for it online but always consider the prompts provided by your teacher. Also, keep in mind that if you are a high school student, your topic can be general and broad but if you study at the university, you will have to choose something more focused.BrainstormLook for inspiration and generate ideas for your work.Make a thesis statementKeep it short, concise, and accurate.Examine the topicOnce you have generated some good ideas and have an idea of how your thesis should look like, it is the time to start your research. Sometimes, you may not be required to use any external resources except the ones you are analyzing but if your assignment assumes finding additional sources, you have to look for valid and trustworthy ones. You have to find supporting evidence for your statement. And in order to create a great paper, you have to ensure that the arguments you find are logical and convincing.OutlineA good outline will help you out when you will be writing your work.Effective Tips On Writing An Analytical EssayWriting a perfect essay  takes lots of time and requires conducting an in-depth res earch, as well as having good knowledge of a particular subject and certain skills. Taking into account the fact that numerous essays always have a huge influence on a students’ final grades, this is not something you can do sloppy. This process requires decent preparation and concentration. Even the smallest details matter!In order to create an A-worthy paper, you have to approach this matter comprehensively, keeping in mind not only the universal standards of academic writing but also your teacher’s and university’s demands. However, despite the complex nature of this task, it is not as difficult as you think. You only have to be attentive, focused, set right goals, and follow some of these effective tips  to write a top-notch essay:Analytical essay introductionAn intro is needed to give the reader’s enough background information on the topic you’ve chosen. However, it also aims to engage the readers. It has to contain some information on the s ubject of your analysis to make it clear for everyone who reads your text, make a hook to make them interested, and finally, it has to provide a thesis statement as the last sentence of this part.Body partThis section can consist of three or more paragraphs. The number is determined by the requirements you received. This is the main section of your text and its each paragraph has to contain the following components:Topic sentence;Analysis of some part of the source;Evidence that supports your thesis;Explanation of the relation between your claim and provided evidence.All these components help you shape a perfect body paragraph.Analytical essay conclusionIn this section, you recall your thesis and the arguments you’ve provided in its support and it is also a great idea to expand it in a wider context or to discuss its implications. One thing you should not do is provide any new information here.Use these tips to cope with this task easily! However, the last but not less import ant nuance to keep in mind is that there is nothing wrong with asking for some help if you really need it. Thus, if you can’t do this work on your own, do not hesitate to request professional assistance from a trusted analytical essay writing service. This can help you solve all your issues.

Women and HIV essays

Women and HIV essays HIV has been a steadily increasing disease in the United States over the last twenty years. In the past year alone two million new women have become infected with the disease while eighteen point five were already carriers. Roughly one point one million women died last year due to this tragic illness. IT is sad to see that the death rate for women is up three percent while it males its currently down by about fifteen percent. Why do we think this is? Many of the new pills and treatments that are being put out on todays market have only been tested on men so that when women go and purchase them for their own use they are proven non effective or leave severe side effects. Women only make up a mere twelve percent of all the clinical trails that are going on while they represent eighteen percent of this epidemic in the United States. Some say that it is easier for a female to go and get herself an ATZ (which is the prevention of transmission to her babies) than it is for her to go out and get herself treatment if she is already infected. In May of 1997 a third national conference was held where about 500 infected women marched for their own awareness. They marched around from lecture to lecture taking over microphones and speaking out to the public. They wanted to know what the government was doing for them? These women wanted to know that if a cure was found was it going to be effective for them because all these clinical trails were not being performed on them. They want a change in the course of the HIV and AIDS research so that their issues will receive equal attention. A woman by the name of Michelle Lopez, a positive AIDS activist talked about how happy she was that her gay brothers were dying at a much slower rate and have an easy access to all these new treatments but at the same time she was very upset that her death rates are going on and dying off faster. She says, What is going on in the w...

Media Law Assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media Law Assignment - Research Paper Example Bruce would minister to his father on the phone and his stepmother Edie would listen quietly. One morning Edie asked Bruce questions about Jesus and she agreed to receive Jesus. The complainant's allegation was that the newsletter had published the story online, and one of Edith's relatives had seen it. Edith Rapp claimed that Jews for Jesus falsely alleged that she had joined their organization. In the alternative, the complainant alleged that the organization had meant that she had come to believe in the philosophy, actions and tenet of Jews for Jesus. In her second amended complaint, Edith alleged among others, false light. The court at trial allowed Jews for Jesus to have the complaint dismissed, and several paragraphs to be struck from the complaint as the Fourth District court had said that the paragraphs were primarily polemical ' against Jews for Jesus. The trial court dismissed all the subsequent complaints by Edith Rapp. On appeal, the Fourth District addressed the issue of Rapp's dismissed claims. With regard to defamation, the court was of the view that the 'common mind' reading the newsletter would not find Edith an object of among others, ridicule. The court’s conclusion was communication would only be defamatory if the plaintiff was prejudiced in the eyes of "substantial and respectable minority of the community." The conclusion of the court was that the standard had not been applied. Nevertheless, the court affirmed the dismissal of his defamation claim on the basis of the community standard applicable. False light had its origin in the common law tort of invasion of privacy. William L. Prosser, a leading scholar in tort law expounded on the tort of invasion of privacy developed this area of law. Prosser's proposal was that invasion of privacy was made of four torts, which were distinct, and among them was false light. The Supreme Court found that elements of false light and defamation overlap. The Supreme Court argued that having the tes t of "highly offensive to a reasonable person" standard has the risk of preventing free speech because the conduct, which is prohibited, is not very clear. It was the court's opinion that the law of tort is meant to prevent as well as recompense wrongful conduct, then it should be clear in identifying the wrongful conduct. The court thus found the tort of false light could not pass that test. The area in which this taught differed with defamation was ambiguous and prone to a lot of subjectivity. The court found that having "highly offensive" information recognized even when a reasonable person would find it highly offensive involved a component of subjectivity. Based on the court's review of the law in Florida and other jurisdictions, it stated that it could not ignore the overlap between defamation and false light. Though the court acknowledged that in a majority of the states does recognize false light as a cause of action, what was striking was the fact that the review of this de cision revealed that no case, in which judgment was solely based on false light cause of action has ever been successful. In conclusion, the court declined to recognize false light as a suitable cause of action in the state of Florida and quashed the Fourth District's decision in reinstating Rapp's false light claim. 2. Intrusion Intrusion is based how a person from the media behaves. Intrusion thus depends less on

GENDER DIFFERENCES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

GENDER DIFFERENCES - Essay Example Nature vs. Nurture has been seen as one of the reasons why the actions of boys and girls are so conflicting and different from each other. According to Alan Dix, there is not a very significant difference between the average general IQ scores of men and women. However; when it comes to spatial and linguistic skills, the differences do exist. As research suggests, females have greater linguistic skills while their male counter parts are better when it comes to visual-spatial skills. (Dix 2002) Both, genetics and environment, play an important role in the formation of personalities but it gets extremely difficult to analyze and differentiate between them. One cannot determine the effects between inborn genetic talents and family influenced development. According to Woo Moo Hurh, it is almost impossible for human beings to survive and exist without nature as well as nurture. He also raises a question about whether men and women act differently because of biological differences or because of culturally specified gender-roles that have been assigned to them. (Woo Moo Hurh 2000) There were higher rates of bipolar disorder and neurosis amongst women whereas the rates of personality or character disorder were higher amongst men, regardless of time or place. This means that men are more likely to behave anti-socially and get into drug and alcohol addiction and while women are more prone to suffer from neurosis and manic depression. (Woo Moo Hurh 2000) Is it very evident that boys and girls function differently and this can be considered as one of the main reasons why scientists have been researching for years to find out why these differences exist? A study shows that boys and girls use different strategies to explain and solve mathematical problems. This difference in strategic thinking can be seen in children when they are only in first grade. People might argue that this difference exists because of genetics but in reality, it is more than